In recent years, with the accelerating domestic infrastructure construction, the motorering industry has used more and more high-power diesel motors, and the emission requirements are also getting higher and higher, and the EFI diesel motor has been introduced from abroad to improve the comprehensive ability of maintenance personnel. It is imperative that the Eaton Char-lynn Motor integrates the common problems in the use and maintenance of motors in recent years to analyze and discuss with everyone.
(1) Fuel use: Fuel is the power source of the motor and the main cause of motor failure. It is extremely important that the clean fuel does not contain moisture and impurities. Otherwise, the fuel pump and the oil nozzle will be seriously worn or even damaged. Fuel quality problems have always been the main cause of motor life loss and failure. Therefore, use imported motors to use high-quality low-sulfur fuels as much as possible. If the requirements are not met, the oil pipelines can be modified, and a coarse filter is added before the oil-water separator. Or the oil-water separator, the filter grade should be selected without affecting the motor output power. In the case of using inferior fuel, the fuel tank must be cleaned regularly, otherwise it is easy to be in the fuel tank because the inferior fuel contains more water and impurities, which will be on the tank wall and The bottom of the tank is piled up. If the tank is not cleaned for a long time, the accumulated mud will fall off. When it enters the fuel pipeline during work, the pipeline or fuel filter will be blocked. In the routine maintenance, good maintenance habits should be made, and the water tank should be drained. Water is deposited in the water separator.
(2) Lubricating oil use: Lubricating oil mainly acts as lubrication and cooling in the motor to reduce wear and prolong the service life of the machine. It also plays a role in washing and anti-corrosion. Reasonable use can prolong the life of the motor. The greater the value of the power, the choice of lubricants suitable for normal motor operation under different loads and temperatures, the selection of SAE viscosity grade 15W-40 high-quality heavy-duty motor oil in most climates, the seasonal climate is below minus 5 degrees. Use 10W-30 above minus 25 degrees and 5W-30 below 25 degrees below zero to provide sufficient motor oil to start the motor to reduce wear on the motor and replace the oil filter during maintenance. Clean new motor oil should be added to the new filter to avoid dry wear of the parts during start-up. Lubricating oil plays a key role in the Carter C-9 diesel EFI motor, which is used as the hydraulic drive force for the injector to pressurize. The fuel sprayed from the nozzle is atomized better, the pressure is higher, and the fuel is fully burned.
(3) Maintenance and use of turbochargers: In industrial diesel motors, it is common to use turbochargers to improve motor output and fuel combustion efficiency. If you do not develop good habits during use and maintenance, it will cause life loss and Early damage, mainly caused by bad operating habits in the early failure of the turbocharger, the turbocharger rotor shaft and bearings have high requirements for lubricating oil, and supercharged diesel motor oil must be used according to technical specifications. The oil should be kept clean and free from dirt. If the oil is mixed with dust, sand and metal scraps, it will accelerate the wear of the bearing. In severe cases, the blades of the supercharger will rub against the casing and the speed will drop. The performance of the supercharger and the diesel motor is rapidly deteriorated, and the phenomenon of power drop, excessive black smoke, increased noise, and oil flowing out from both ends of the rotor shaft and the exhaust pipe are caused. Therefore, the diesel motor must be strictly maintained in strict accordance with the technical specifications, regularly check, clean the oil filter or replace the oil and filter. Ensure that the diesel motor lubrication system is intact, ensuring that all channels are unobstructed and that the lubricant has sufficient flow and pressure. If the lubricating oil circuit is blocked, the turbocharger running at high speed may cause serious damage to the turbine rotor shaft and the floating bearing in a short time, which may cause the supercharger to fail. In the case of long-term shutdown, before restarting the motor, the turbocharger oil supply pipe joint should be opened, and an appropriate amount of lubricating oil should be added to restart, thereby reducing the dry wear of the supercharger bearing. Diesel motor can't run at idle speed for a long time. Otherwise, the supercharger will cause early damage due to poor lubrication and poor lubrication. For this reason, the idle speed should not exceed 5-10 minutes. Check the turbocharger for abnormal noise or vibration. The oil pipe and the joint shell shall not have oil leakage. The compressor impeller end of the turbocharger shall not be hot, and the loss-reducing air filter element shall be replaced regularly to prevent dust and impurities from entering the high-speed rotating compressor impeller, resulting in unstable speed. Bushings and seals exacerbate the adverse effects of wear. Never use the motor after the air filter fails. The motor that is moving at high speed should not be stopped suddenly to avoid the interruption of the lubricating oil. It is easy to cause the between the turbocharger shaft and the bearing sleeve. In addition, the lubricating oil that stops the motor to the supercharger stops flowing. If the temperature of the exhaust manifold is also high, the heat is absorbed into the supercharger housing and will stay inside. Lubricating oil is formed into carbon deposits. When the accumulated amount of carbon deposits accumulates, it is easy to cause blockage of the oil inlet port, resulting in bearing oil shortage, accelerating bearing wear and even biting, so the diesel motor stops. Before loading, the temperature of the body should be unloaded before it is turned off. After the motor starts, be sure to run at low speed for 3-5 minutes. The standby oil temperature rises and the flow performance improves. The turbocharger is fully lubricated. In order to increase the speed with load work.
(4) Coolant use: The function of the coolant is to cool the motor body temperature and control the motor temperature to a reasonable range so that the motor can get the best output power under the minimum wear condition. If the temperature is too low or the motor is idle for a long time, the motor will cause The temperature of the combustion chamber is lowered, resulting in the fuel not being completely combusted, causing carbon deposits such as injector valves and piston rings, and causing serious wear and tear of the parts without obtaining sufficient lubrication pressure. If the motor temperature is too high, the aeration coefficient is lowered, the combustion is not normal, and the pre-ignition and deflagration phenomena occur; the contact with the high-temperature contact parts is overheated, resulting in a decrease in the mechanical properties of the material and the generation of severe thermal stress, resulting in deformation and cracking; in addition, the temperature is too high, The motor oil is deteriorated, the burning and coking lose the lubricating property, the lubricating oil film is destroyed, the friction and wear of the parts are intensified, and the motor power, economy, reliability and durability are all deteriorated. If the coolant is lacking or the thermostat is damaged, it cannot be opened normally. The motor load will cause the temperature of the body to be too high, which will aggravate the wear of the motor parts, causing the cylinder piston to bite the main bearing and the connecting rod and other major accidents. The coolant is replenished. It should be based on whether the expansion tank is deficient. In the case of over-temperature of the motor, it is not allowed to directly open the tank lid to check and replenish. Otherwise, the tank may be burnt if the tank is not released under high temperature pressure, or the coolant will be flushed under pressure. In the absence of high temperature of the coolant, it is not allowed to replenish the cold coolant or to cool the outside of the water, otherwise the casting will burst. In the plateau, pure water is not allowed to replace the coolant, and the high temperature alarm will be caused by the difference in boiling point.
(5) Maintenance and use of the filter: The filter in the diesel motor includes an air filter, a fuel filter, and a fuel filter with a water separator. The function of the air filter is to remove dust from the air. Granular filtration cleans the air entering the motor's compression cylinders, avoiding early damage to the intake and exhaust and piston damage of the turbocharger. The function of the fuel filter is to filter out impurities and dust particles in the diesel oil to ensure the normal operation of the injector and the fuel injection pump and prolong their life. The function of the fuel filter with oil-water separator is to filter out the large impurities and dust particles in the fuel, separate and precipitate the diesel oil through oil and water, remove the water in the diesel oil, improve the quality of the diesel oil, and extend the fuel filtration behind. Life expectancy. The fuel filter has a filtration efficiency of 90% or more, and the fuel filter with oil-water separator has a filtration efficiency of more than 80%. If there is water and impurities in the diesel fuel, the parts of the fuel system will be damaged due to corrosion and rust in the diesel oil and the presence of impurities. It can be seen that removing water from the diesel oil and filtering impurities remove the fuel system and prevent the fuel system from working and prolonging the use. Life expectancy is quite important. The fuel filter is replaced according to the oil quality of the fuel. The replacement cycle is different. When replacing the new filter, the filter is filled with clean diesel. (Note: Cummins motor does not need Carter EFI motor.) Apply a small amount of oil (15W/40) to the filter seal ring. After the filter is attached to the fitting, tighten by hand until it comes into contact with the filter holder, then tighten 1/2-3/4 turn. Do not tighten too tightly to avoid damaging the filter threads and rubber ring. In the daily maintenance, the air filter must be cleaned with compressed air to blow off the dust and adhesion impurities on the external filter. The inner filter is a safety filter. When replacing, it should be replaced with the external filter. Under normal circumstances, the air filter life is in one. In a thousand hours or so, some air filters can be cleaned by water to extend their service life.
For the maintenance of diesel motors, operators often do not care about the details of maintenance, but often problems are things that people often overlook, so if you want to extend the life of the motor under normal work, then the operator is required to have It is necessary to maintain common sense, not as long as it is easy to use. Once the maintenance is improper, the motor life is greatly shortened and some parts are damaged, resulting in unnecessary losses.
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